Chinese EV Companies: Top Leaders in the Global Shift to Electric Vehicles

In the rapidly evolving landscape of electric vehicles (EVs), Chinese manufacturers are emerging as dominant players, reshaping global markets traditionally led by Western automakers. As the U.S. and Europe impose tariffs and trade barriers, China’s EV upstarts are strategically expanding into developing markets, including Brazil, Mexico, and Southeast Asia.

In May, the Biden administration announced plans to slap new tariffs on Chinese EVs, advanced batteries, and other goods intended to protect U.S. manufacturers. Moreover, the European Commission (EU) will impose extra duties of up to 38.1% on imported Chinese electric cars starting in July, raising concerns about possible retaliation from Beijing.

According to data compiled by technology intelligence firm ABI Research for Business Insider, Chinese automakers have already established significant dominance in several emerging markets. In Brazil, China’s carmakers captured around 88% of the EV market, while in Thailand, they held a 70% share during the first quarter.

Despite their current small size, the EV markets in most of these countries are experiencing rapid growth.

Chinese EV companies such as BYD Company Limited (BYDDY), NIO Inc. (NIO), and XPeng Inc. (XPEV) are at the forefront of this transformation, leveraging technological prowess and strategic market expansions to solidify their positions worldwide.

BYD Company Limited (BYDDY)

With a $95.78 billion market cap, BYD Company Limited (BYDDY) is one of China’s leading automobile manufacturers that engages in new EVs and power batteries internationally. The company operates in two segments: Mobile Handset Components, Assembly Service and Other Products; and Automobiles and Related Products and Other Products.

BYDDY’s strategic approach combines technological leadership, market diversification, and strategic partnerships and investments to solidify its position as a frontrunner in the global EV industry. The company has expanded its footprint in regions, including Brazil, Mexico, Australia, and Southeast Asia, capitalizing on growing world demand for EVs.

According to ABI Research figures, BYD accounted for about 71% of EV sales in Brazil and 45% in Thailand in the first quarter.

On May 16, BYD launched its first pickup truck, BYD SHARK, in Mexico. BYD SHARK is positioned as a new energy-intelligent luxury pickup featuring the DMO Super Hybrid Off-road Platform. This model represents the latest addition to BYD's product range, tailored for global markets, marking the company’s first global product launch outside China.

Stella Li, Executive Vice President of BYD and CEO of BYD Americas, said, “With the introduction of our inaugural new energy pickup, BYD SHARK, we’re poised to redefine the conventional fuel pickup landscape through advanced technology, providing users with a lifestyle characterized by boundless opportunities. BYD is now ushering in the era of the global new energy pickup.”

Also, in March, BYDDY launched its third electric car, Seal, a premium electric sedan with a price starting at around $49,458, in India’s booming EV market. In 2023, the company sold 1,877 cars in India, an increase of 314% year-over-year.

Notably, in the same month, BYD Company became the world’s first automaker to roll off its seven millionth new energy vehicle, the DENZA N7, which was introduced at its Jinan factory in China, underscoring another groundbreaking accomplishment for the brand.

For the first quarter that ended March 31, 2024, BYDDY’s operating revenue increased 4% year-over-year to RMB124.94 billion ($17.20 billion). Net profit attributable to shareholders of the listed company rose 10.6% from the year-ago value to RMB4.57 billion ($629.28 million). Its earnings per share came in at RMB1.57, up 10.6% from the previous year’s quarter.

Analysts expect BYDDY’s revenue and EPS for the fiscal year (ending December 2024) to increase 25.7% and 15.9% year-over-year to $104.92 billion and $3.14, respectively. For the fiscal year 2025, the company’s revenue and EPS are expected to grow 13.3% and 9.2% from the prior year to $118.86 billion and $3.43, respectively.

BYDDY’s stock is up nearly 14% over the past month and has gained more than 11% year-to-date.

NIO Inc. (NIO)

With a $9.27 billion market cap, NIO Inc. (NIO) has gained prominence for its focus on high-performance, smart EVs and innovative battery-swapping technology. Based in Shanghai, China, the company provides five and six-seater electric SUVs, as well as smart electric sedans. It also offers power solutions, including Power Home, Power Swap, Power Charger and Destination Charger, Power Mobile, Power Map, and more.

Besides its solid presence in China, NIO has established footholds in global markets such as Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Europe, aiming to capitalize on the growing demand for luxury EVs. Moreover, NIO plans to expand to the Middle East in 2024, CEO William Li stated on an earnings call, adding that deliveries of its lowest-priced brand will begin in the first half of the following year.

On April 8, NIO officially inaugurated its Smart Driving Technology Center in Schönefeld near Berlin. It is the first center outside China, underscoring the company's expanding international footprint.

NIO delivered 20,544 vehicles in May, indicating a substantial increase of 233.8% year-over-year. The deliveries comprised 12,164 premium smart electric SUVs and 8,380 premium smart electric sedans. Also, in April, the company delivered 15,620 vehicles. As of May 31, 2024, cumulative deliveries of NIO vehicles reached a staggering 515,811.

“Despite the intensifying market competition, NIO’s premium brand positioning, industry-leading technologies, and innovative ‘chargeable, swappable, upgradeable’ power experience have been recognized for their exceptional competitiveness, leading to solid sequential growth in vehicle deliveries in recent months,” said William Bin Li, chairman and CEO of NIO.

“In April 2024, we launched the 2024 ET7 Executive Edition, featuring 180 upgrades tailored to the needs of business travelers and professionals, further enhancing our competitiveness in the premium sedan market. In addition, with a commitment to create better family life, our new smart electric vehicle brand, ONVO, along with its inaugural product L60, was unveiled in May 2024,” he added.

Further, NIO extended its strategic cooperation on battery swapping by collaborating with GAC Group and FAW Group. These add to NIO’s existing network of strategic alliances with Changan Automobile, Geely Group, JAC Group, Chery Automobile, and Lotus Technology. NIO remains dedicated to advancing its evolving battery-swapping ecosystem, aiming to deliver efficient and convenient recharging solutions for its customers.

During the first quarter that ended March 31, 2024, NIO reported vehicle sales of $1.16 billion, and its total revenues were $1.37 billion. Its gross profit grew 200.5% from the prior year’s quarter to $67.60 million. As of March 31, 2024, the company’s cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investment and long-term time deposits stood at $6.30 billion.

Analysts expect NIO’s revenue for the fiscal year (ending December 2024) to increase 21.4% year-over-year to $9.38 billion. Likewise, the company’s revenue for the fiscal year 2025 is anticipated to grow 43.7% year-over-year to $13.48 billion. Also, NIO’s stock has surged approximately 2% over the past five days.

XPeng Inc. (XPEV)

With a $7.48 billion market capitalization, XPeng Inc. (XPEV) designs, develops, and markets Smart EVs in China that appeals to the large, growing base of tech-savvy consumers. It provides SUVs under the G3, G3i, and G9 names; four-door sports sedans under the P7 and P7i names; and family sedans under the P5 name.

XPeng’s competitive pricing appeals to budget-conscious consumers without compromising quality or innovation. The company has expanded its operations into Europe and Southeast Asia, leveraging local partnerships and market insights to adapt its offerings to regional preferences.

XPEV delivered 10,146 Smart EVs in May, an increase of 35% year-over-year and 8% over the previous month. The XPENG X9 notably achieved monthly deliveries of 1,625 units, reaching a cumulative total of 11,456 units. Since its launch, it has continuously led sales in both the all-electric MPV and three-row model segments in China. XPENG has delivered 41,360 Smart EVs year-to-date, marking a 26% rise year-over-year.

On May 20, XPEV launched XOS 5.1.0, Tianji, the industry’s first AI-powered in-car OS. It features end-to-end large model technology, promoting the smart driving experience for XPENG car owners. The company will offer intelligent and personalized in-car AI assistant services through AI assistant Xiao P, AI Chauffeur, and AI Bodyguard. The recent launch outlines XPeng’s new market positioning as the global pioneer and promoter of AI smart driving.

In the first quarter that ended March 31, 2024, XPEV’s total revenues increased 62.3% year-over-year to $910 million, and revenues from vehicle sales were $770 million, up 57.8% from the prior year’s quarter. The company’s gross margin was 12.9% for the first quarter, compared to 1.7% for the same period of 2023. As of March 31, 2024, its cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments and time deposits were $5.73 billion.

XPENG’s physical sales network reached 574 stores, covering about 178 cities as of March 31, 2024. Also, its self-operated charging station network had a total of 1,171 stations, including 359 XPENG S4 ultra-fast charging stations, at the end of the first quarter.

Xiaopeng He, Chairman and CEO of XPENG, further stated, “Through our strategic partnership with the Volkswagen Group, XPENG is at the forefront of monetizing in-house developed smart technologies as a technology enabler. Our industry-leading technologies are expected to gain greater market influence and yield better financial returns.”

Street expects XPEV’s revenue for the second quarter (ending June 2024) to increase 63.2% year-over-year to $1.13 billion. Similarly, the consensus revenue estimate for the fiscal year (ending December 2024) of $6.12 billion indicates an improvement of 43.6% year-over-year. Also, the company has topped the consensus revenue and EPS estimates in three of the trailing four quarters.

Shares of XPEV have surged more than 7% over the past five days.

Bottom Line

China’s EV newcomers seem to be strategizing for global dominance. They are expanding into developing markets, including Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, Thailand, and India, amid tariff and trade barriers imposed by the U.S. and Europe.

Chinese manufacturers like BYDDY, NIO, and XPEV are leveraging their technological prowess and strategic market expansions to establish themselves as leaders in the global EV industry. These companies lead in cost-effective manufacturing and are at the forefront of advancements in battery technology, autonomous driving, and user-centric design.

With ambitious global expansion plans and a commitment to sustainability, these China-based EV giants are poised to reshape the automotive industry, setting new standards for electric mobility worldwide.

TSLA vs. BYDDY: The Battle for Electric Pickup Truck Supremacy

China, the world's largest and fiercely competitive EV market, saw a 38% surge in sales of "new energy vehicles" last year, totaling 9.49 million units. This accounted for nearly 70% of global EV sales, raising concerns among traditional automakers and Tesla, Inc.'s (TSLA) Elon Musk about China's potential dominance.

Concurrently, BYD Company Limited (BYDDY), a Chinese EV giant, is set to unveil its first electrified pickup truck globally. Though details on powertrain, performance, and pricing remain undisclosed, BYDDY released images featuring an orange and blue camouflaged truck, signaling its entry into the new energy pickup segment.

Competing with TSLA's Cybertruck, Ford Motor Company's (F) Ranger and F-150 Lightning, and Toyota Motor Corporation's (TM) Hilux, the upcoming BYDDY pickup marks a new frontier in the electric pickup market.

That said, TSLA's Cybertruck, launched in November 2023, faces criticism for battery range discrepancies, premature breakdowns, and durability issues like rust and corrosion. Initially promised at $39,900 with a 500-mile range, TSLA's Cybertruck now starts at $60,900, with deliveries pushed to 2025 due to production constraints.

Musk has admitted challenges in production, forecasting a financially challenging first year. Moreover, with the Cybertruck as its latest passenger vehicle since 2020, TSLA's global expansion might stall, leaving markets outside North America waiting for new releases for years to come.

Financial Performance Comparison Between BYDDY and TSLA

In the final quarter of 2023, the Shenzhen-based carmaker saw a surge in net profit, surpassing TSLA to become the top seller of electric vehicles globally. Revenue soared by 49.8% year-over-year to ¥180.04 billion ($24.89 billion), with gross profit reaching ¥38.21 billion ($5.28 billion), a 78% increase year-over-year.

Additionally, BYDDY’s net income attributable to common stockholders reached ¥8.67 billion ($1.20 billion), up from ¥4.13 billion ($571.02 million) in the previous year's quarter. Sales volume spiked by 38%, with over 526,000 EVs sold, nearly 80,000 more than TSLA's sales.

BYDDY, for the second consecutive year, outpaced TSLA, producing 3 million new energy vehicles (NEVs) compared to Tesla's 1.84 million. BYDDY's cars, mostly priced lower than TSLA's, offer hybrid and fully electric options, posing a significant threat to competitors, as acknowledged by Musk.

In the fiscal fourth quarter of 2023, TSLA's total revenue increased 3% year-over-year to $25.17 billion. However, its gross profit declined 23.2% year-over-year to $4.44 billion. Its adjusted EBITDA decreased 26.9% from the year-ago value to $3.95 billion.

Moreover, the company’s non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP EPS attributable to common stockholders reduced 39.5% and 40.3% from the prior year's period to $2.49 billion and $0.71, respectively.

Musk now recognizes BYDDY's potential dominance in the EV market despite initial ridicule, foreseeing a scenario where they could outperform most other car companies globally. He said, "Frankly, if there are not trade barriers established, they will pretty much demolish most other car companies in the world."

The Two Industry Giants’ Business Prospects and Challenges

BYDDY, while absent from the U.S. market, reaches more than 50 countries, concentrating efforts in Asia, South America, Australia, and selected European nations such as Hungary. Plans to unveil new models, including the $233,000 Yangwang U9 electric supercar, complement refreshed models like the e2 and Seagull electric hatchbacks.

Last year's global sales saw notable NEV success across multiple nations. With over 242,000 units exported, BYDDY anticipates China's NEV market surge in 2024, reinforcing its multi-brand strategy and global expansion objectives. Expansion ventures into Europe with a new Hungarian factory and successful deliveries also mark a pivotal moment in Central and Eastern European market development.

In South America, BYDDY aims to revitalize a former Ford manufacturing site in Brazil with a $620 million investment. Three Bahia factories will process locally sourced lithium and iron phosphate for vehicle production, enhancing regional presence. Future endeavors further include a prospective Mexican factory by next year's end.

Additionally, BYD's battery subsidiary, FinDreams, has partnered with Huaihai Holding Group to lead the sodium-ion battery supply for small electric cars. A Jiangsu production base near Xuzhou aims to revolutionize mass-market EV commercialization with cost-effective sodium-ion battery technology.

TSLA's recent quarterly sales shortfall has affected Elon Musk's reputation in China, the world's largest automotive market. Its market share has shrunk significantly due to unprecedented local competition and declining consumer confidence. Despite being known as a disruptor with advanced technology, TSLA struggles with its limited lineup of the Model 3 sedan and Model Y SUV.

In contrast, competitors like BYDDY offer a wider range of vehicles with advanced features. From the affordable Seagull hatchback to the high-performance Yangwang U8 plug-in hybrid SUV, BYDDY presents a compelling array of options.

Globally, TSLA's delivery of 386,810 vehicles in the first quarter falls significantly short of expectations. "It’s been an epic disaster, not just in terms of the delivery number, but the strategy,” Wedbush Securities Inc. analyst Dan Ives said. “This is probably one of the most challenging periods for Musk and Tesla in the last four or five years.”

Furthermore, the company’s reliance on BYDDY battery cells puts it at a disadvantage, as BYDDY’s in-house battery and semiconductor manufacturing capabilities give it an edge. BYDDY’s revolutionary Blade Battery, with an impressive 600 km range on a single charge, highlights TSLA’s struggles to remain competitive.

Bottom Line

In 2008, BYDDY introduced its inaugural plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, the F3DM, coinciding with Berkshire Hathaway's $230 million investment. Since then, BYDDY has solidified its position as a dominant force in China's EV market, consistently ranking among the top monthly EV sellers in the country.

Having conquered the Chinese market, BYDDY now sets its sights on global expansion, with a presence in at least 58 overseas markets, including Germany, Japan, Australia, and Thailand. Manufacturing facilities in Thailand and Brazil are underway, and commitments are being made to build in Hungary and Indonesia.

BYDDY’s latest ultra-cheap car enhances its competitiveness against TSLA, which still struggles with affordability. Yet, BYDDY’s product portfolio spans all market segments, evidenced by the unveiling of a supercar aimed at the premium end of the EV market spectrum.

Ending 2023 with record-breaking sales, surpassing 3 million annual sales and retaining its global NEV sales champion status for the second consecutive year, BYDDY has solidified its position as China's best-selling car brand and manufacturer.

Analysts project robust growth for BYDDY in the fiscal year 2024, with its revenue and EPS expected to increase by 28.6% and 3.2% year-over-year, respectively, reaching $107.29 billion and $3.00.

In contrast, TSLA's revenue for fiscal year 2024 is forecasted to grow 9.9% year-over-year to $106.30 billion, while its EPS is anticipated to decline by 8.4% to $2.86. Moreover, Tesla missed the consensus revenue and EPS estimates in three of the trailing four quarters, which is concerning.

Given this scenario, BYDDY could challenge TSLA’s dominance, making it an attractive investment opportunity in the current market landscape.

Insight Into Warren Buffett's Strategy: Unveiling His 40 Million General Motors (GM) Shares and the Investment Implications

Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (BRK), led by fabled investor Warren Buffett, also fondly known as The Oracle of Omaha, owns 22 million General Motors Company (GM) shares, equating to a 1.6% stake in the legacy U.S. automaker.

A fundamentally robust company such as GM deserves its spot in a conglomerate's portfolio with a reputation for acquiring parts or the entirety of businesses that possess enduring competitive advantages and are likely to be aided by favorable economics in the long run.

On the back of a strong performance in the fiscal 2023 second quarter, the Detroit-headquartered auto giant has raised its guidance for 2023. The company raised its net income expectations for the fiscal from a high end of $9.9 billion to a high end of $10.7 billion. Its automotive division’s free cash flow is also expected to come between $7 billion and $9 billion, up from $5.5 billion to $7.5 billion.

In addition, GM said it is increasing cost-cutting measures through next year and now plans to cut $3 billion in expenditures compared with previous guidance of $2 billion. The financial outperformance driven by the booming traditional automotive business powered by highly profitable trucks and SUVs has enabled the company to ramp up its presence in the electric vehicle (EV) segment.

Consequently, GM reiterated that it would double EV production in the year's second half to 100,000 units. In addition to the long-awaited introduction of an electric Chevrolet Silverado pickup truck and EV versions of Chevy’s Equinox crossover and Blazer compact sport-utility vehicle, the company says it will reach 400,000 cumulative units of EV production by early 2024.

GM also anticipates that its EV business will reach profitability by 2025, with an EV production capacity of 1 million units in North America and EV revenue of roughly $50 billion.

In addition, the company is making itself future-ready by fixing supply-chain issues with measures such as a $60 million investment round in Mitra Chem, a California startup working on cheaper EV batteries. Mitra Chem aims to develop low-cost lithium iron phosphate batteries that can hold more power than current versions. If it’s successful, its batteries could appear in GM’s EVs later this decade.

GM is also developing its Ultium EV platform, which will help reduce costs and improve profitability. In addition, GM is diversifying to more potentially lucrative businesses such as Cruise, its driverless cab service, and BrightDrop, which is focused on helping businesses meet consumer demand for last-mile services.

All the above factors make GM an apparently solid bet in the automotive sector and a far cry from cash-strapped and debt-burdened EV upstarts that are struggling to keep themselves afloat amid increased borrowing cost due to sustained interest-rate hikes and EV price war that has been waged by Tesla, Inc. (TSLA).

The Flip Side

When asked about when to sell stocks, Buffett famously replied, “To break off relationships with people that I like and people that have joined me because they think it’s a permanent home, to do that simply because somebody waves a big check at me would be like selling one of my children.”

So when the legend, whose favorite holding period is forever, decides to cut his stake in GM, a business his company has owned since 2012, by almost half, it can only mean that either BRK is chronically short of funds and has been finding numerous opportunities to put them to better use or the economic characteristics of the business change in a big way.

Since BRK is sitting on a mountain of cash worth at least $147 billion, we can definitely count out the former possibility. As far as the latter is concerned, carmakers in the U.S. and Europe are once again under siege.

However, this time around, the war is on climate change, the goal is rapid decarbonization and energy transition, the battleground is smart, connected, and electric mobility solutions, and the invaders are from the other side of the Pacific, beyond the Sea of Japan.

Recently, after BYD Company Limited (BYDDY) delivered its five millionth electric vehicle, its founder Wang Chuanfu declared the “time has come for Chinese brands.” And he has good reason to be optimistic. Chinese automakers have access to its vast domestic market, abundant supplies of resources, such as rare earths, which are critical for energy transition, and a government keen on seeing its domestic brands compete globally.

China’s dominance in rare earth and other clean energy metals is back in the limelight after the recent export restriction on germanium and gallium. With the trade war between the U.S. and China intensifying amid restrictions on exports of semiconductor chips and investments in other cutting-edge technology by the former, the latter is expected to keep upping the ante.

This could hurt the prospects of Western car manufacturers as they might be compelled to deal with increased input costs on top of exchange-rate headwinds and credit crunch due to the Federal Reserve ratcheting up the benchmark borrowing cost to 5.25%-5.50% from nearly 0% in the space of 16 months. 

While carbon border tax and other protective measures could provide temporary shelter for besieged Western automakers, the beneficiaries stand to lose more if the Chinese government cuts off their access to the massive domestic market on which the Chinese automakers could always fall back upon encountering turbulence overseas.

Moreover, with Vietnamese EV-maker VinFast Auto Ltd. (VFS) surpassing the market capitalization of heavyweights, such as Ford Motor Company (F) and GM, in the words of VW chief Thomas Schaefer, “The roof is on fire,” and according to former Aston Martin chief executive Andy Palmer, manufacturers in Europe and the US face a “real and present danger” from the East.

Bottomline

GM, first added by BRK in 2012, now constitutes merely 0.2% of the conglomerate’s portfolio of marketable securities, which in turn is just a component of its holdings, which are comprised mainly of wholly owned businesses.

Therefore, instead of being denominator blind and jumping on the Buffett bandwagon, it could be wise for investors to hold their horses and verify if Western automakers can hold their own against Oriental challengers before making an investment decision.